Immunoglobulins emerging from B lymphocytes and capable of recognizing almost all kinds
of antigens owing to the extreme diversity of their antigen‐binding portions, known as …

In order to promote an efficient humoral immune response, germinal center B cells modify
both the antigen recognition and effector domains by programmed genetic alterations of …

As B cells engage in the immune response, they express activation-induced cytidine
deaminase (AID) to initiate the hypermutation and recombination of immunoglobulin genes …

Mutations are the basis for evolution and the development of genetic diseases. Especially in
cancer, somatic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes alongside the …

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is expressed in a B cell differentiation stage-
specific fashion and is essential for immunoglobulin (Ig) gene class switch DNA …

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins are a
diverse and evolutionarily conserved family of cytidine deaminases that provide a variety of …

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel
cause cystic fibrosis. Chaperones, including HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, play key roles …

Protein prenylation is a post-translational lipid modification that governs a variety of
important cellular signaling pathways, including those regulating synaptic functions and …

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of influenza A virus is a heterotrimeric
complex composed of the PB1, PB2, and PA subunits. The interplay between host factors …

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class-switch recombination and
somatic hypermutation (SHM) in antibody genes. Protein expression and activity are tightly …