The twenty-first century has witnessed a wave of severe infectious disease outbreaks, not
least the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods …

The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth's biodiversity: their terrestrial,
freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Tens of thousands of species are threatened with extinction as a result of human activities.
Here we explore how the extinction risks of terrestrial mammals and birds might change in …

Several hundred species are hunted for wild meat in the tropics, supporting the diets,
customs, and livelihoods of millions of people. However, unsustainable hunting is one of the …

Humanity has emerged as a major force in the operation of the biosphere. The focus is
shifting from the environment as externality to the biosphere as precondition for social …

Executive summary Far-reaching changes to the structure and function of the Earth's natural
systems represent a growing threat to human health. And yet, global health has mainly …

Highlights•We describe the IPBES Conceptual Framework.•It is a simplified model of
interactions between nature and people most relevant to IPBES's focus on sustainability.•It …

Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and
geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences …

Sudden losses to food production (that is, shocks) and their consequences across land and
sea pose cumulative threats to global sustainability. We conducted an integrated …