Ablation strategies remain poorly defined for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with
recurrence despite intact pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). As the ability to perform durable PVI …

Success rates for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly persistent AF, remain
suboptimal. Pulmonary vein isolation has been the cornerstone for catheter ablation of AF …

Introduction Multiple groups have reported on the usefulness of ablating in atrial regions
exhibiting abnormal electrograms during atrial fibrillation (AF). Still, previous studies have …

Background Map** algorithms have thus far been unable to localize triggers that serve as
drivers of AF, but electrographic flow (EGF) map** provides an innovative method of …

Abstract Background Since the Substrate and Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial
Fibrillation Trial Part II (STAR-AF II), there has been a trend toward pulmonary vein isolation …

Background Catheter ablation (CA) remains challenging due to suboptimal success rates in
persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Existing map** technologies cannot reliably distinguish …

Background Electrographic flow (EGF) map** enables the dynamic detection of functional
or active atrial fibrillation (AF) sources outside the pulmonary veins (PVs), and the presence …

Aims Validating map** systems that identify atrial fibrillation (AF) sources (focal/rotational
activity) is confounded by the absence of ground truth. A key concern of prior map** …

Abstract Background and Objective Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac
arrhythmia worldwide. The effectiveness of AF ablation is restricted primarily by inaccuracies …

Background Electrographic flow (EGF) map** algorithms employing Horn-Schunck flow
estimations can create temporospatial visualizations of atrial electrical wavefront …