Spin–orbit torque (SOT) is an emerging technology that enables the efficient manipulation of
spintronic devices. The initial processes of interest in SOTs involved electric fields, spin …

Understanding the magnetic interactions is of fundamental importance in condensed-matter
physics as well as in the application of spintronic devices. In the past 13 years, the …

Current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are of interest for fast and energy-efficient
manipulation of magnetic order in spintronic devices. To be deterministic, however …

All-electric switching of perpendicular magnetization is a prerequisite for the integration of
fast, high-density, and low-power magnetic memories and magnetic logic devices into …

Chirality or handedness distinguishes an object from its mirror images, such as the spread
thumb, index finger, and middle finger of the right and left hand. In mathematics, it is …

Perpendicularly magnetized structures that are switchable using a spin current under field-
free conditions can potentially be applied in spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access …

Science, engineering, and medicine ultimately demand fast information processing with ultra-
low power consumption. The recently developed spin-orbit torque (SOT)-induced …

Magnetic materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of great interest for
the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory and computing technologies due to their …

The hallmark of spintronics has been the ability of spin–orbit interactions to convert a charge
current into a spin current and vice versa, mainly in the bulk of heavy metal thin films. Here …

A simple, reliable, and self-switchable spin–orbit torque (SOT)-induced magnetization
switching in a ferromagnetic single layer is needed for the development of next generation …