The wisdom of the crowd refers to the finding that judgments aggregated over individuals
are typically more accurate than the average individual's judgment. Here, we examine the …

When a response to a multiple-choice item consists of selecting a single-best answer, it is
not possible for examiners to differentiate between a response that is a product of …

Some large-scale testing requires examinees to select and answer a fixed number of items
from given items (eg, select one out of the three items). Usually, they are constructed …

Abstract" Chapter 2: In learning environments, understanding the longitudinal path of
learning is one of the main goals. Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) for measurement …

The wisdom of the crowd refers to the finding that judgments aggregated over individuals
are typically more accurate than the average individual's judgment. Here, we examine the …

Aggregates of many judgments tend to outperform each of the individual judgments that
compose the aggregate, termed the Wisdom of Crowds effect. Metacognition has played an …