Impacts, processes and projections of the quasi-biennial oscillation

JA Anstey, SM Osprey, J Alexander… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2022 - nature.com
In the tropical stratosphere, deep layers of eastward and westward winds encircle the globe
and descend regularly from the upper stratosphere to the tropical tropopause. With a …

Recent developments in gravity‐wave effects in climate models and the global distribution of gravity‐wave momentum flux from observations and models

MJ Alexander, M Geller, C McLandress… - Quarterly Journal of …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Recent observational and theoretical studies of the global properties of small‐scale
atmospheric gravity waves have highlighted the global effects of these waves on the …

The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0, MRI-ESM2. 0: Description and basic evaluation of the physical component

S Yukimoto, H Kawai, T Koshiro, N Oshima… - Journal of the …, 2019 - jstage.jst.go.jp
Abstract The new Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-
ESM2. 0) has been developed based on previous models, MRI-CGCM3 and MRI-ESM1 …

[HTML][HTML] Description and basic evaluation of simulated mean state, internal variability, and climate sensitivity in MIROC6

H Tatebe, T Ogura, T Nitta, Y Komuro… - Geoscientific Model …, 2019 - gmd.copernicus.org
The sixth version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), called
MIROC6, was cooperatively developed by a Japanese modeling community. In the present …

Evaluation of climate models

G Flato, J Marotzke, B Abiodun, P Braconnot… - Climate change 2013 …, 2014 - pure.mpg.de
Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

MIROC-ESM 2010: Model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments

S Watanabe, T Hajima, K Sudo… - Geoscientific Model …, 2011 - gmd.copernicus.org
An earth system model (MIROC-ESM 2010) is fully described in terms of each model
component and their interactions. Results for the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison …

A comparison between gravity wave momentum fluxes in observations and climate models

MA Geller, MJ Alexander, PT Love… - Journal of …, 2013 - journals.ametsoc.org
For the first time, a formal comparison is made between gravity wave momentum fluxes in
models and those derived from observations. Although gravity waves occur over a wide …

Variability and predictability of the space environment as related to lower atmosphere forcing

HL Liu - Space weather, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
The Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere (TI) are characterized by perpetual variability as
integral parts of the atmosphere system, with intermittent disturbances from solar and …

Secondary gravity waves in the winter mesosphere: Results from a high‐resolution global circulation model

E Becker, SL Vadas - Journal of Geophysical Research …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
This study analyzes a new high‐resolution general circulation model with regard to
secondary gravity waves in the mesosphere during austral winter. The model resolves …

Global dynamics of the MLT

AK Smith - Surveys in Geophysics, 2012 - Springer
The transition between the middle atmosphere and the thermosphere is known as the MLT
region (for mesosphere and lower thermosphere). This area has some characteristics that …