BACKGROUND It has long been thought that the factors affecting embryo and foetal
development were exclusively maternally derived; hence, if issues regarding fertility and …

Infertility affects nearly 186 million people worldwide and the male partner is the cause in
about half of the cases. Meta-regression data indicate an unexplained decline in sperm …

Centrioles are subcellular organelles found at the cilia base with an evolutionarily
conserved structure and a shock absorber-like function. In sperm, centrioles are found at the …

Centrosome formation during early development in mice and rats occurs due to the
appearance of centrioles de novo. In contrast, in humans and other non-rodent mammals …

The prevailing assumption has been that the human spermatozoon provides only one
centriole to the zygote: the proximal centriole, with a canonical, cylinder-like shape. This …

The mechanism of conversion of the human sperm basal body to a centrosome after
fertilization, and its role in supporting human early embryogenesis, has not been directly …

The flagellar beat of bull spermatozoa and C. Reinhardtii are modelled by a minimal,
geometrically exact, reaction-diffusion system. Spatio-temporal animated patterns describe …

Motile cilia beat with an asymmetric waveform consisting of a power stroke that generates a
propulsive force and a recovery stroke that returns the cilium back to the start. Cilia are …

The centrosome is a non-membrane-bound organelle that is conserved across most animal
cells and serves various functions throughout the cell cycle. In dividing cells, the centrosome …

Proper connection between the sperm head and tail is critical for sperm motility and
fertilization. Head–tail linkage is mediated by the head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) …