Dopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic
pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the …

A majority of humans faced with severe stress maintain normal physiological and behavioral
function, a process referred to as resilience. Such stress resilience has been modeled in …

Chronic stress can have lasting adverse consequences in some individuals, yet others are
resilient to the same stressor,. Susceptible and resilient individuals exhibit differences in the …

An estimated 50% of depressed patients are inadequately treated by available interventions.
Even with an eventual recovery, many patients require a trial and error approach, as there …

Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that inflammation and vascular dysfunction
contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Chronic social stress …

The risk for major depression is both genetically and environmentally determined. It has
been proposed that epigenetic mechanisms could mediate the lasting increases in …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) will affect one out of every five people in their lifetime and
is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with the …

The well-replicated observation that many people maintain mental health despite exposure
to severe psychological or physical adversity has ignited interest in the mechanisms that …

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and
posttraumatic stress disorder, exact enormous socioeconomic and individual consequences …

Biological embedding occurs when life experience alters biological processes to affect later
life health and well-being. Although extensive correlative data exist supporting the notion …