The potency of the environment to shape brain function changes dramatically across the
lifespan. Neural circuits exhibit profound plasticity during early life and are later stabilized. A …

Neuronal circuits in the brain are shaped by experience during'critical periods' in early
postnatal life. In the primary visual cortex, this activity-dependent development is triggered …

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an intracellular enzyme whose physiologic function is
the decarboxylation of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory …

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions,
disorganized thinking, and impairments in cognitive functioning. Evidence from postmortem …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter that is required for
the control of synaptic excitation/inhibition and neural oscillation. GABA is synthesized by …

The precision of skilled movement depends on sensory feedback and its refinement by local
inhibitory microcircuits. One specialized set of spinal GABAergic interneurons forms axo …

Data from animal models and from postmortem studies suggest that schizophrenia is
associated with brain GABAergic dysfunction. The extent to which this is reflected in data …

The operation of a glutamine–glutamate/GABA cycle in the brain consisting of the transfer of
glutamine from astrocytes to neurons and neurotransmitter glutamate or GABA from neurons …

Synaptic transmission between midbrain dopamine neurons and target neurons in the
striatum is essential for the selection and reinforcement of movements. Recent evidence …

Chronic pain is a common neurological disease involving lasting, multifaceted
maladaptations ranging from gene modulation to synaptic dysfunction and emotional …