Using Pacific benthic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca records, we derive a Cenozoic (66 Ma)
global mean sea level (GMSL) estimate that records evolution from an ice-free Early Eocene …

Over the modern satellite era, substantial climatic changes have been observed in the
Antarctic, including atmospheric and oceanic warming, ice sheet thinning and a general …

Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are shrinking rapidly, altering
regional hydrology, raising global sea level and elevating natural hazards. Yet, owing to the …

Abstract The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean warming in the twenty-first century to
less than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and to promote further efforts to limit …

Groundwater comprises 95% of the liquid fresh water on Earth and contains a diverse mix of
dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules which play a significant role in the global carbon …

The Antarctic ice sheet has been losing mass over past decades through the accelerated
flow of its glaciers, conditioned by ocean temperature and bed topography. Glaciers …

We use updated drainage inventory, ice thickness, and ice velocity data to calculate the
grounding line ice discharge of 176 basins draining the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1979 to …

Abstract The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in
recent decades,, and it is expected to continue to be so. Although increases in glacier flow …

Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-
level rise. Here we combine satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and …

Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean,
meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these …