Nucleotides play a crucial role in extracellular signaling across species boundaries. All the
three kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archea and Eukariota) are responsive to extracellular ATP …

Probenecid is an old uricosuric agent used in clinics to treat gout and reduce the renal
excretion of antibiotics. In recent years, probenecid has gained attention due to its ability to …

Background Redox imbalance and inflammation have been proposed as the principal
mechanisms of damage in the auditory system, resulting in functional alterations and …

Pathogenesis and salugenesis are the first and second stages of the two-stage problem of
disease production and health recovery. Salugenesis is the automatic, evolutionarily …

The role of Pannexin (PANX) channels during collective and single cell migration is
increasingly recognized. Amongst many functions that are relevant to cell migration, here we …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cerebrovascular illness that causes substantial
neurological sequelae and dysfunction caused by secondary brain injury (SBI), and there …

Boldine is an alkaloid obtained from the medicinal herb Peumus boldus (Mol.)(Chilean
boldo tree; boldo) and belongs to the family Monimiaceae. It exhibits a wide range of …

Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful new tool in precision medicine. No studies have
yet been published on the metabolomic changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by …

Aim Previous studies have proved that inhibiting inflammasome activation provides
neuroprotection against early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) …

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) enters the brain shortly after infection, leading to
long-term neurological complications in half of the HIV-infected population, even in the …