Inferring from patterns observed in biomedical research, ecoimmunological theory predicts
that oxidative stress is a ubiquitous physiological cost that contributes to generating variation …

Newly synthesized vaccines prepared from formalin-killed bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes
were investigated in the current study to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly synthesized …

Disease prevention is pivotal in aquaculture, and while vaccines offer protective immunity,
challenges such as cost and low efficacy persist. The present study investigated the …

The aim of the work was to evaluate long-term results of studies focusing on improving
methods for preventing and treating fish diseases using selected natural and syntetic …

Pandemic infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) caused by severe acute IHN virus (IHNV)
threatens rainbow trout aquaculture in China. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective …

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) may cause stressful conditions, by which the
biochemical compositions and immune system of the fishes can be influenced. Thus, in this …

The primary objective of this study was to understand the impact of monsoon and summer
seasons on the Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) and petroleum hydrocarbon compounds …

Vaccination of rainbow trout against Yersiniosis confers a high degree of protection to the
fish (Raida et al. 2011). On the other hand, vaccination could alter metabolitic reactions in …

Immune function plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. It
protects the organism against parasites, pathogens, toxic substances, and cancerous cells …

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral vaccination against Yersinia ruckeri
based on oxidative stress biomarkers in different tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus …