When a molecule absorbs a photon of appropriate energy, a chain of photophysical events
ensues, such as internal conversion or vibrational relaxation (loss of energy in the absence …

Principle has it that even the most advanced super‐resolution microscope would be futile in
providing biological insight into subcellular matrices without well‐designed fluorescent …

The success of fluorescence experiments requires attention to experimental details and an
understanding of the instrumentation. There are also many potential artifacts that can distort …

Environment-related parameters, including viscosity, polarity, temperature, hypoxia, and pH,
play pivotal roles in controlling the physical or chemical behaviors of local molecules. In …

Fluorescence spectroscopy, one of the most informative and sensitive analytical techniques,
has played and continues to play key roles in modern research. Indeed, unraveling the inner …

Membrane microdomains (rafts) remain one of the controversial issues in biophysics.
Fluorescent molecular probes, which make these lipid nanostructures visible through optical …

This article describes an emerging method for quantitative measurement and spatial
imaging of microviscosity within individual domains of live cells. The method is based on …

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid against gradients in flow (shear rate). Both
flow and viscosity play an important role in all biological systems from the microscopic (eg …

Fluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs) can act as viscosity sensors in various media including
subcellular organelles and microfluidic channels. In FMRs, the rotation of rotators connected …

Polysilsesquioxanes are regarded as organic–inorganic hybrid materials at a molecular
level. We can readily tune the properties of the materials for realizing the desired ones by …