We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to
climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution …

Summary 1 This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of bracken
Pteridium (mainly aquilinum ssp. aquilinum) that are relevant to understanding its ecological …

We use national scale data to test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) deposition is strongly
negatively correlated with plant species richness in a wide range of ecosystem types …

Global energy use and food production have increased nitrogen inputs to ecosystems
worldwide, impacting plant community diversity, composition, and function. Previous studies …

The emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) have strongly increased in
Europe in the second half of the 20th century. Ammonia is volatilized from intensive …

Background Heathlands are dynamic plant communities characterized by a high cover of
sclerophyllous, ericoid shrubs that develop over nutrient-poor soils. Interest in the …

Extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude due to
climate change. Their effects on vegetation are widely unknown. Here, experimental …

Most people correctly associate lush fern growth with humid and shady forests (Plates 1C,
2B). Indeed, the highest diversity of ferns is found in tropical rain forests, where some 65% of …

Climate change may affect ecosystem functioning through increased temperatures or
changes in precipitation patterns. Temperature and water availability are important drivers …

The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum within
montane heath in Scotland were investigated over 5 yr.• Permanent field plots were sprayed …