The observed uneven distribution of economic activity across space is influenced by
variation in exogenous geographical characteristics and endogenous interactions between …

This chapter surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between the
spatial distribution of economic activity and transportation costs. We develop a multiregion …

Social distancing interventions can be effective against epidemics but are potentially
detrimental for the economy. Businesses that rely heavily on face-to-face communication or …

How would the shape of our cities change if there were a permanent increase in working
from home? We study this question using a quantitative model of the Los Angeles …

Density boosts productivity and innovation, improves access to goods and services, reduces
typical travel distances, encourages energy efficient construction and transport, and allows …

Urban economics and branches of mainstream economics–what we call the 'housing as
opportunity'school of thought–have been arguing that shortages of affordable housing in …

We propose an integrated framework to discuss the empirical literature on the local
determinants of agglomeration effects. We start by presenting the theoretical mechanisms …

This paper synthesises the state of knowledge on the economic effects of density. We
consider 347 estimates of density elasticities of a broad range of outcomes ranging from …

We use panel data from Germany to analyze the effect of population density on urban air
pollution (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ozone, and an aggregate index for bad air …

We provide an integrated treatment of the theoretical literature on urban land use inspired by
the monocentric model, including extensions that deal with multiple endogenous business …