▪ Abstract Two sensory rhodopsins (SRI and SRII) mediate color-sensitive phototaxis
responses in halobacteria. These seven-helix receptor proteins, structurally and functionally …

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a light-driven proton pump. The primary photochemical event
upon light absorption is isomerization of the retinal chromophore. Here we used time …

The study of membrane protein folding is a new and challenging research field.
Consequently, there are few direct studies on the in vitro folding of membrane proteins. This …

In 1961, two concepts of energy coupling were published, one by Mitchell I and the other by
Williams z, both dealing with the transfer of charges (electrons, H÷, OH-) in biological energy …

In order to understand how isomerization of the retinal drives unidirectional transmembrane
ion transport in bacteriorhodopsin, we determined the atomic structures of the BR state and …

Orientation of the green alga Chlamydomonas in light (phototaxis and stop responses) is
controlled by a visual system with a rhodopsin as the functional photoreceptor. Here, we …

Three different lipid systems have been developed to investigate the effect of
physicochemical forces within the lipid bilayer on the folding of the integral membrane …

Although the rapid development of sensitivity-enhanced solid-state NMR (ssNMR)
spectroscopy based on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has enabled a broad range of …

The protonated Schiff bases of all‐trans‐retinal and its double bond isomers, 11‐cis‐and 13‐
cis‐retinals, comprise the chromophores of bacteriorhodopsin, sensory rhodopsin …

Channelrhodopsin-2 mediates phototaxis in green algae by acting as a light-gated cation
channel. As a result of this property, it is used as a novel optogenetic tool in …