The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact
on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably …

Some decades ago, biogeographers distinguished three major faunal types of high
importance for Europe:(i) Mediterranean elements with exclusive glacial survival in the …

Ecological niche models (ENMs) provide a means of characterizing the spatial distribution of
suitable conditions for species, and have recently been applied to the challenge of locating …

Background The estimation of demographic parameters from genetic data often requires the
computation of likelihoods. However, the likelihood function is computationally intractable for …

Increased human activities caused the isolation of populations in many species—often
associated with genetic depletion and negative fitness effects. The effects of isolation are …

Adaptation to adverse environmental conditions such as high altitude requires physiological
and/or morphological changes. Genome scans provide a means to identify the genetic basis …

The level of genetic differentiation within and between evolutionary lineages of the common
vole (Microtus arvalis) in Europe was examined by analyzing mitochondrial sequences from …

Complex social behavior in Microtus voles and other mammals has been postulated to be
under the direct genetic control of a single locus: the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor …

Species identification through noninvasive sampling is increasingly used in animal
conservation genetics, given that it obviates the need to handle free‐living individuals …

Species are generally described from morphological features, but there is growing
recognition of sister forms that show substantial genetic differentiation without obvious …