The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function
in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the …

The reconstitution of lost bone is a subject that is germane to many orthopedic conditions
including fractures and non-unions, infection, inflammatory arthritis, osteoporosis …

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has become significantly more commonplace in
tissue engineering over the past decade, as a variety of new printing materials have been …

In exploring the challenges of bone repair and regeneration, this review evaluates the
potential of bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a viable alternative to traditional methods …

Electrical stimulation (EStim) has been shown to promote bone healing and regeneration
both in animal experiments and clinical treatments. Therefore, incorporating EStim into …

Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and
organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable …

Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular
system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and …

In normal tissue repair, macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) at early
stages and a pro-healing phenotype (M2) at later stages. We have previously shown that M1 …

The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and
is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with …

Mounting evidence suggests that therapeutic cell and drug delivery strategies designed to
actively harness the regenerative potential of the inflammatory response have great …