Over the coming century humanity may need to find reservoirs to store several trillions of
tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel combustion, which would otherwise …

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

The temporal link between large igneous province (LIP) eruptions and at least half of the
major extinctions of the Phanerozoic implies that large scale volcanism is the main driver of …

Ocean acidification refers to the lowering of the ocean's pH due to the uptake of
anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. Coral reef calcification is expected to decrease as …

Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted
as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion,
reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The …

Ocean acidification (OA) is considered an important threat to coral reef ecosystems, because
it reduces the availability of carbonate ions that reef-building corals need to produce their …

Anthropogenic elevation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (p CO2) is making the oceans more
acidic, thereby reducing their degree of saturation with respect to calcium carbonate …

Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of
the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the …