One of ecology's grand challenges is develo** general rules to explain and predict highly
complex systems. Understanding and predicting ecological processes from species' traits …

The design and function of leaf venation are important to plant performance, with key
implications for the distribution and productivity of ecosystems, and applications in …

Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively
few essential trait combinations have proved evolutionarily viable in today's terrestrial …

The leaf economics spectrum (LES) provides a useful framework for examining species
strategies as shaped by their evolutionary history. However, that spectrum, as originally …

Plant functional traits are the features (morphological, physiological, phenological) that
represent ecological strategies and determine how plants respond to environmental factors …

Contents I. Introduction 295 II. Evolution of the Plant Vascular System 295 III. Phloem
Development & Differentiation 300 IV. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Xylem Cell …

Abstract The Cretaceous Period (145 to 66 Ma) was a prolonged warmhouse to hothouse
period characterized by high atmospheric CO 2 conditions, elevated surface temperatures …

The key role of cell walls in setting mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) and, consequently,
photosynthesis is reviewed. First, the theoretical properties of cell walls that can affect gm …

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of
replicated evolution across the plant kingdom and discuss the processes responsible for …

The rate of CO 2 assimilation by plants is directly influenced by the concentration of CO 2 in
the atmosphere, ca. As an environmental variable, ca also has a unique global and historic …