Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder, diagnosis of which is based on clinical criteria.
A shortcoming of these criteria is that they do not fully capture the heterogeneity of migraine …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

Background Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine,
which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim of this review is to highlight …

The implications of neurogenic inflammation and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology
of migraine have been clearly demonstrated in preclinical migraine models involving several …

Background The role of inflammation and cytokines in the pathophysiology of primary
headache disorders is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to …

Chronic pain, encompassing conditions, such as low back pain, arthritis, persistent post-
surgical pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain disorders, is highly prevalent but remains …

Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and
psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar …

Migraine is a prevalent primary headache disorder and is usually considered as benign.
However, structural and functional changes in the brain of individuals with migraine have …

Background The premonitory phase, or prodrome, of migraine, provides valuable
opportunities to study attack initiation and for treating the attack before headache starts …

Objective Cortical spreading depression (CSD) underlies the neurobiology of migraine with
aura (MWA). Animal studies reveal networks of microvessels linking brain–meninges–bone …