Chemical gardens are perhaps the best example in chemistry of a self-organizing
nonequilibrium process that creates complex structures. Many different chemical systems …

Far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, many precipitation reactions create complex
product structures with fascinating features caused by their unusual origins. Unlike the …

Iron–sulphur proteins are ancient and drive fundamental processes in cells, notably electron
transfer and CO2 fixation. Iron–sulphur minerals with equivalent structures could have …

Chemical gardens are complex, often macroscopic, structures formed by precipitation
reactions. Their thin walls compartmentalize the system and adjust in size and shape if the …

Korenaga and coworkers presented evidence to suggest that the Earth's mantle was dry and
water filled the ocean to twice its present volume 4.3 billion years ago. Carbon dioxide was …

We quantify the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced through lightning and
photochemical processes in the Hadean atmosphere to be available in the Hadean ocean …

The demonstration by Ivan Barnes et al. that the serpentinization of fresh Alpine-type
ultramafic rocks results in the exhalation of hot alkaline fluids is foundational to the …

The condensation of formamide has been shown to be a robust chemical pathway affording
molecules necessary for the origin of life. It has been experimentally demonstrated that …

The field of prebiotic chemistry has been dedicated over decades to finding abiotic routes
towards the molecular components of life. There is nowadays a handful of prebiotically …

Irradiated ice-covered ocean worlds with rocky mafic mantles may provide the conditions
needed to drive the emergence and maintenance of life. Alkaline hydrothermal springs …