Intense ultrashort light pulses comprising merely a few wave cycles became routinely
available by the turn of the millennium. The technologies underlying their production and …

The rise time of intense radiation determines the maximum field strength atoms can be
exposed to before their polarizability dramatically drops due to the detachment of an outer …

Photoemission of an electron is commonly treated as a one-particle phenomenon. With
attosecond streaking spectroscopy we observe the breakdown of this single active-electron …

The advent of ultraintense laser pulses generated by the technique of chirped pulse
amplification (CPA) along with the development of high-fluence laser materials has opened …

The frequency doubling of laser light was one of the first new phenomena observed
following the invention of the laser over 50 years ago. Since then, the quest to extend …

In this article, we review progress in the development of high peak-power ultrafast lasers,
and discuss in detail the design issues which determine the performance of these systems …

Ultrafast laser pulses from a Ti: sapphire laser centered at 800 nm, with 26 fs pulse duration,
were used to generate coherent soft-x-ray harmonics, at wavelengths down to 2.7 nm (460 …

Single soft-x-ray pulses of∼ 90–electron volt (eV) photon energy are produced by high-
order harmonic generation with 7-femtosecond (fs), 770-nanometer (1.6 eV) laser pulses …

Coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation extending to wavelengths below the carbon K edge at
4.37 nanometers (nm) has been generated at a repetition rate of 1 kilohertz by focusing 5 …

The measurement and control of light field oscillations enable the study of ultrafast
phenomena on sub-cycle time scales. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is a powerful field …