Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing
attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This …

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Intelligent magnetic soft robots capable of programmable structural changes and
multifunctionality modalities depend on material architectures and methods for controlling …

Stimuli-responsive geometric transformations endow metamaterials with dynamic properties
and functionalities. However, using existing transformation mechanisms to program a single …

Untethered microrobots have attracted extensive attention due to their potential for
biomedical applications and micromanipulation at the small scale. Soft microrobots are of …

Systems with programmable and complex shape morphing are highly desired in many fields
wherein sensing, actuation, and manipulation must be performed. Living organisms use …

Microrobots have attracted considerable attention due to their extensive applications in
microobject manipulation and targeted drug delivery. To realize more complex micro …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

In the booming development of flexible electronics represented by electronic skins, soft
robots, and human–machine interfaces, 3D printing of hydrogels, an approach used by the …

Untethered small-scale robots offer great promise for medical applications in complex
biological environments. However, challenges remain in the control and medical imaging of …