Although abiotic factors may be important first-order filters dictating which sponge species
can thrive at a particular site, ecological interactions can play substantial roles influencing …

Zoanthus and Palythoa are benthic colonial zooxanthellate cnidarians common in shallow
hard substrate marine ecosystems in subtropical and tropical regions, where they are an …

Sponges are a major component of benthic ecosystems across the world and fulfil a number
of important functional roles. However, despite their importance, there have been few …

Sponges are sessile benthic filter-feeding animals, which harbor numerous microorganisms.
The enormous diversity and abundance of sponge associated bacteria envisages sponges …

Abstract The Spratly Islands are a remote group of more than 150 coral reefs and islands
scattered in the south‐central South China Sea and representing a biodiversity hotspot in …

The cyanobacteriosponge species Terpios hoshinota Rützler and Muzik, 1993 (class
Demospongiae: family Suberitidae) is noted for its ability to overgrow living corals, and …

The coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota recently expanded its range from the Pacific
Island of Guam to the northwestern Pacific (Reimer et al. 2012). The black-colored sponge …

Terpios hoshinota is a black, encrusting sponge that hosts numerous symbiotic
cyanobacteria in its tissues. The sponge often overgrows live scleractinian corals, thereby …

Outbreaks of the cyanobacteriosponge Terpios hoshinota are one of the many issues
contributing to coral reef decline in the Indo-Pacific. This species occasionally undergoes …

The cyanobacteriosponge Terpios hoshinota is expanding its range across the Indo-Pacific.
This species can have massive outbreaks on coral reefs, actively kill corals it overgrows and …