Abstract The Fourth Industrial Revolution may help many sectors and industries, whereas
healthcare will be significantly impacted. Medical advances will be swifter, better and more …

Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

This paper discusses “bioink”, bioprintable materials used in three dimensional (3D)
bioprinting processes, where cells and other biologics are deposited in a spatially controlled …

The success of an implant depends on the type of biomaterial used for its fabrication. An
ideal implant material should be biocompatible, inert, mechanically durable, and easily …

Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is a rapidly growing technology that has made substantial
progress during the last decade. It has great versatility in printing various biologics, including …

Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as rapid prototy**, solid free-form fabrication,
or simply threedimensional (3D) printing, comprises a number of technologies that allow the …

Living tissues usually have high fracture toughness in order to withstand substantial internal
and external mechanical loads.[1] The high toughness of tissues challenges researchers to …

The ability to print and pattern all the components that make up a tissue (cells and matrix
materials) in three dimensions to generate structures similar to tissues is an exciting …

The rising incidence of bone disorders has resulted in the need for more effective therapies
to meet this demand, exacerbated by an increasing ageing population. Bone tissue …

Alginate is a commonly used bioink in 3D bioprinting. Matrix stiffness is a key determinant of
mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, suggesting that modulation of alginate bioink …