For mixed additive and multiplicative random error models (MAM models), due to the
complex correlation between the parameters and the model power array, derivative …

There are many methods for outlier detection and robust estimation in the field of geodesy,
but most of them are based on the additive random error model (AREM). In the multiplicative …

The extraction of landslide deformation using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has many
important applications. The landslide deformation can be extracted based on a digital terrain …

Objectives With the development of modern observation techniques, the processing
methods which only consider additive errors cannot meet the requirements. Most of the …

To solve the complex weight matrix derivative problem when using the weighted least
squares method to estimate the parameters of the mixed additive and multiplicative random …

To address the problem of inaccurate mixed additive and multiplicative random error
stochastic model weighting, we apply the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator …

Measurement data in the field of modern geodesy contains not only additive errors but also
multiplicative errors related to signal strength. The existing models for dealing with mixed …

To estimate the parameters of the mixed additive and multiplicative (MAM) random error
model using the weighted least squares iterative algorithm that requires derivation of the …

In the field of geodetic data processing, the existing literature on the treatment of the
multiplicative random error model assumes that the random multiplicative error elements are …

In the domain of geodetic adjustment, current methodologies addressing additive and
multiplicative error models operate under the assumption of independence between additive …