Our eyes send different'images' of the outside world to the brain—an image of contours (line
drawing), a colour image (watercolour painting) or an image of moving objects (movie). This …

The contributions of genetics research to the science of normal and defective color vision
over the previous few decades are reviewed emphasizing the developments in the 25years …

Using high-resolution adaptive-optics imaging combined with retinal densitometry, we
characterized the arrangement of short-(S), middle-(M), and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive …

Some fundamental principles of colour vision, deduced from perceptual studies, have been
understood for a long time. Physiological studies have confirmed the existence of three …

Twilight is characterised by changes in both quantity (“irradiance”) and quality (“colour”) of
light. Animals use the variation in irradiance to adjust their internal circadian clocks, aligning …

Photoreception in the mammalian retina is not restricted to rods and cones but extends to a
small number of intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), expressing the …

Photoreceptive, melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) encode ambient
light (irradiance) for the circadian clock, the pupillomotor system, and other influential …

In birds and mammals, differences in development between the sexes arise from the
differential actions of genes that are encoded on the sex chromosomes. These genes are …

purpose. To examine an immortalized mouse retinal cell line (661W) for markers
characteristic of photoreceptor cells and validate its photoreceptor origin. methods. The …

Photoreception in the mammalian retina is not restricted to rods and cones but extends to a
subset of retinal ganglion cells expressing the photopigment melanopsin (mRGCs). These …