Background Water immersion during labour and birth is increasingly popular and is
becoming widely accepted across many countries, and particularly in midwifery‐led care …

Aims To identify and synthesize the evidence regarding the facilitators and barriers relating
to birthing pool use from organizational and multi-professional perspectives. Design A …

Background Social factors associated with poor childbirth outcomes and experiences of
maternity care include minority ethnicity, poverty, young motherhood, homelessness …

Objectives To determine the rate of complicated birth at term in women classified at low risk
according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline for intrapartum …

Background Waterbirth is widely available in English maternity settings for women who are
not at increased risk of complications during labour. Immersion in water during labour is …

Background Women have been giving birth in water in many centers across the globe;
however, the practice remains controversial. Qualitative studies highlight the benefits that …

Consumer demand for water birth has grown within an environment of professional
controversy. Access to nonpharmacologic pain relief through water immersion is limited …

The use of warm water immersion throughout the birthing process is renowned for its
physical and psychological benefits, yet waterbirth is still vastly underrepresented as a …

Background The practice of waterbirth is increasing worldwide and has been a feature of
maternity services in the United Kingdom for over twenty years. The body of literature …

Background There is little published research that has examined practitioners' views and
experiences of pain relieving measures commonly used during labour and birth, particularly …