Item response theory (IRT) is a latent variable modeling approach used to minimize bias and
optimize the measurement power of educational and psychological tests and other …

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the state of the theorizing and praxis of DIF in
general: where it has been; where it is now; and where I think it is, and should, be going …

Once a differential item functioning (DIF) item has been identified, little is known about the
examinees for whom the item functions differentially. This is because DIF focuses on …

Methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) and item bias are typically used in
the process of item analysis when develo** new measures; adapting existing measures …

Mixture item response theory models have been suggested as a potentially useful
methodology for identifying latent groups formed along secondary, possibly nuisance …

In many practical settings, essentially the same differential item functioning (DIF) procedures
have been in use since the late 1980s. Since then, examinee populations have become …

Item response theory (IRT) has been increasingly utilized in psychiatry for the purpose of
describing the relationship among items in psychiatric disorder symptom batteries …

Traditional item response theory (IRT) measurement invariance approaches examine
measurement equivalence (ME) between observed groups (eg, race, gender, culture). By …

Several measurement assumptions were examined with the goal of assessing the validity of
the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), a measure of adolescents' …

Mixture item response theory (IRT) allows one to address situations that involve a mixture of
latent subpopulations that are qualitatively different but within which a measurement model …