Magnetism plays a pivotal role in many biological systems. However, the intensity of the
magnetic forces exerted between magnetic bodies is usually low, which demands the …

Since it was first demonstrated in 1987, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become a
truly widespread and commonly used characterization technique that has been applied to a …

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is not only a tool to image the topography of solid
surfaces at high resolution. It can also be used to measure force-versus-distance curves …

The direct observation of spin structures with atomic-scale resolution, a long-time dream in
condensed matter research, recently became a reality based on the development of spin …

In 1986 Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the
scanning tunneling microscope and discovering that it can image individual surface atoms …

Tap** mode atomic force microscopy in liquids gives a substantial improvement in
imaging quality and stability over standard contact mode. In tap** mode the probe‐sample …

Written by three leading experts in the field, this book describes and explains all essential
aspects of scanning probe microscopy. Emphasis is placed on the experimental design and …

Nanoscale magnetic imaging can provide microscopic information about length scales,
inhomogeneity and interactions of materials systems. As such, it is a powerful tool to probe …

A high‐sensitivity fiber‐optic displacement sensor for atomic force microscopy is described.
The sensor is based on the optical interference occurring in the micron‐sized cavity formed …

We present the first atomic-resolution image of a surface obtained with an optical
implementation of the atomic-force microscope (AFM), The native oxide on silicon was …