What role did the closing of the Central American Seaway play in enabling continental ice
sheets to wax and wane over North America and Fennoscandia? A summary of relevant …

Marine gateways play a critical role in the exchange of water, heat, salt and nutrients
between oceans and seas. As a result, changes in gateway geometry can significantly alter …

Abstract The “Panama Hypothesis” states that the gradual closure of the Panama Seaway,
between 13 million years ago (13 Ma) and 2.6 Ma, led to decreased mixing of Atlantic and …

We investigate the effect of changes in the tectonic boundary conditions on global ocean
circulation patterns. Using a fully coupled climate model in an idealized setup, we compare …

We report high precision Pb isotopic data (2σ≤ 100 ppm) together with Nd isotopes on
depth profiles from two Fe–Mn crusts from the eastern Atlantic basin. The profiles provide a …

The closure of the Panama Isthmus,∼ 14–3 Ma, caused large reorganizations of ocean
circulation. Here we use a global climate–ocean ecosystem model to investigate the effects …

The rise of the Isthmus of Panama was the product of small‐scale geological processes that,
nonetheless, had worldwide repercussions. The building of the Panamanian landscape can …

The Central American Seaway played a pivotal role in sha** global climate throughout the
late Cenozoic. Recent geological surveys have provided new constraints on timing of the …

In a modeling sensitivity study we investigate the evolution of the ocean circulation and of
marine carbon isotope (δ13C) records during the Miocene (about 23–5 million years ago) …

A major tip** point of Earth's history occurred during the mid-Pliocene: the onset of major
Northern-Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) and of pronounced, Quaternary-style cycles of …