Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure≥ 25 mm Hg
at rest, measured during right heart catheterization. There is still insufficient evidence to add …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disorder in which endothelial dysfunction
and vascular remodeling obstruct small pulmonary arteries, resulting in increased …

Genetic evidence implicates the loss of bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-
II) signaling in the endothelium as an initiating factor in pulmonary arterial hypertension …

Knowledge of the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) continues to accelerate.
However, fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying pathological …

Thus, the task of writing Guidelines or Expert Consensus documents covers not only the
integration of the most recent research, but also the creation of educational tools and …

The aim of a clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is to group together
different manifestations of disease sharing similarities in pathophysiologic mechanisms …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by progressive
remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries, resulting in the loss of vascular cross-sectional …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disease leading to right
heart failure and ultimately death if untreated. The first classification of PH was proposed in …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is caused by functional and structural changes in the
pulmonary vasculature, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The process of …

The TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) system signals via protein kinase receptors and
Smad mediators to regulate a plethora of biological processes, including morphogenesis …