Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over
1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on …

A blockchain is a data structure consisting of a list of blocks containing transactions and
maintained by a network of nodes in a decentralized manner. In permissionless blockchains …

We present a generalized inner product argument and demonstrate its applications to
pairing-based languages. We apply our generalized argument to prove that an inner pairing …

Blockchain systems, as append-only ledgers, are typically associated with linearly growing
participation costs. Therefore, for a blockchain client to interact with the system (query or …

We propose Reckle trees, a new vector commitment based on succinct RECursive
arguments and MerKLE trees. Reckle trees' distinguishing feature is their support for …

We present BalanceProofs, the first vector commitment that is maintainable (ie, supporting
sublinear updates) while also enjoying fast proof aggregation and verification. The basic …

Authenticated storage access is the performance bottleneck of a blockchain, because each
access can be amplified to potentially O (log n) disk I/O operations in the standard Merkle …

Vector commitments (VC) are a cryptographic primitive that allows one to commit to a vector
and then “open” some of its positions efficiently. Vector commitments are increasingly …

Existing multitask outsourcing computations struggle to guarantee the fairness for
participants and the correctness of the computation results. Some solutions use blockchain …

Cryptographic applications often require proving statements about hidden secrets satisfying
certain circuit relations. Moreover, these proofs must often be generated obliviously, ie …