The global population of individuals over the age of 65 is growing at an unprecedented rate
and is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050. Most older individuals are affected by multiple …

In mammals, DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) can be actively
reversed to unmodified cytosine (C) through TET dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of 5mC to …

Sequencing technologies using nucleotide conversion techniques such as cytosine to
thymine in bisulfite-seq and thymine to cytosine in SLAM seq are powerful tools to explore …

INTRODUCTION Nearly all cells in the human body share the same primary genome
sequence consisting of four nucleotide bases. One of the bases, cytosine, is commonly …

The “epigenetics” concept was first described in 1942. Thus far, chemical modifications on
histones, DNA, and RNA have emerged as three important building blocks of epigenetic …

Mammalian DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism orchestrating gene
expression networks in many biological processes. However, investigation of the functions …

Bisulfite sequencing has been the gold standard for map** DNA modifications including 5-
methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) for decades,,–. However, this …

Over 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA,
respectively. The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA …

As one of the most abundant and well-studied epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation
plays an essential role in normal development and cellular biology. Global alterations to the …

Cytosine methylation is a DNA modification generally associated with transcriptional
silencing. Factors that regulate methylation have been linked to human disease, yet how …