Background Many lower-limb exoskeletons have been developed to assist gait, exhibiting a
large range of control methods. The goal of this paper is to review and classify these control …

Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robots integrate sensing, control, and other
technologies and exhibit the characteristics of bionics, robotics, information and control …

Research on robotic exoskeletons has rapidly expanded over the previous decade.
Advances in robotic hardware and energy supplies have enabled viable prototypes for …

Benchmarks have long been used to verify and compare the readiness level of different
technologies in many application domains. In the field of wearable robots, the lack of a …

As a typical application of the human-computer interaction device, the lower limb
exoskeleton has attracted many researchers' attention in recent years in an attempt to …

Starting from the early research in the 1960s, especially in the last two decades, orthoses
and exoskeletons have been significantly developed. They are designed in different …

The basic routine movements for elderly people are not easily accessible due to the weak
muscles and impaired nerves in their lower extremity. In the last few years, many robotic …

Control systems for powered prosthetic legs typically divide the gait cycle into several
periods with distinct controllers, resulting in dozens of control parameters that must be tuned …

We developed and validated a gait phase estimator for real-time control of a robotic hip
exoskeleton during multimodal locomotion. Gait phase describes the fraction of time passed …

High-performance actuators are crucial to enable mechanical versatility of wearable robots,
which are required to be lightweight, highly backdrivable, and with high bandwidth. State-of …