Neuropeptides, a diverse class of signaling molecules in the nervous system, modulate
various biological effects including membrane excitability, synaptic transmission and …

Still nowadays pain is one of the most common disabling conditions and yet it remains too
often unsolved. Analgesic opioid drugs, and mainly MOR agonists such as morphine, are …

Opioids acting at the mu opioid receptor (MOR) are the most effective analgesics, however
adverse side effects severely limit their use. Of particular importance, abuse liability results …

Background and purpose The κ receptor has a central role in modulating neurotransmission
in central and peripheral neuronal circuits that subserve pain and other behavioural …

Strong opioid analgesics, including morphine, are the mainstays for treating moderate to
severe acute pain and alleviating chronic cancer pain. However, opioid-related adverse …

The μ opioid receptor (MOR) is a prominent member of the G protein-coupled receptor family
and the molecular target of morphine and other opioid drugs. Despite the long tradition of …

Dezocine is becoming dominated in China market for relieving moderate to severe pain. It is
believed that Dezocine's clinical efficacy and little chance to provoke adverse events during …

We examined the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory cytokine signaling
pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in anxiety-like behaviors after repeated use of …

Pain remains a key therapeutic area with intensive efforts directed toward finding effective
and safer analgesics in light of the ongoing opioid crisis. Amongst the neurotransmitter …

We previously reported that a multifunctional opioid/neuropeptide FF receptor agonist, DN-9,
achieved peripherally restricted analgesia with reduced side effects. To develop stable and …