Mechanical metamaterials enable the creation of structural materials with unprecedented
mechanical properties. However, thus far, research on mechanical metamaterials has …

Controlling electromagnetic waves and information simultaneously by information
metasurfaces is of central importance in modern society. Intelligent metasurfaces are smart …

Optical metalenses—two-dimensional arrays of submicrometre scatterers that collectively
focus light—have experienced growing research interest in recent years as they can realize …

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy allows high-contrast, low-phototoxicity,
and label-free imaging of transparent biological objects, and has been applied in the field of …

Flat optics has emerged as a key player in the area of structured light and its applications,
owing to its subwavelength resolution, ease of integration, and compact footprint. Although …

Large-scale, highly integrated and low-power-consuming hardware is becoming
progressively more important for realizing optical neural networks (ONNs) capable of …

The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical
structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured …

Photonic computing enables faster and more energy-efficient processing of vision data,,,–.
However, experimental superiority of deployable systems remains a challenge because of …

Mechanical mechanisms have been used to process information for millennia, with famous
examples ranging from the Antikythera mechanism of the Ancient Greeks to the analytical …

There is an ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence. Optical processors, which
compute with photons instead of electrons, can fundamentally accelerate the development …