Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

Enhanced warm, salty subarctic inflows drive high-latitude atlantification, which weakens
oceanic stratification, amplifies heat fluxes, and reduces sea ice. In this work, we show that …

The NDVI3g time series is an improved 8-km normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
data set produced from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments …

The land and ocean absorb on average just over half of the anthropogenic emissions of
carbon dioxide (CO 2) every year. These CO 2" sinks" are modulated by climate change and …

The past decade has seen substantial advances in understanding Arctic amplification—that
trends and variability in surface air temperature tend to be larger in the Arctic region than for …

Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and
dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine …

Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome. Remote-
sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased …

After a decade with nine of the lowest arctic sea-ice minima on record, including the
historically low minimum in 2012, we synthesize recent developments in the study of …

Global temperature is increasing, especially over northern lands (> 50° N), owing to positive
feedbacks. As this increase is most pronounced in winter, temperature seasonality (ST) …