Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

RAS proteins are small GTPases known for their involvement in oncogenesis: around 25%
of human tumors present mutations in a member of this family. RAS operates in a complex …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) evolved from a single enzyme that regulates
vesicle trafficking in unicellular eukaryotes into a family of enzymes that regulate cellular …

Abstract PI3K/AKT signaling leads to reduced apoptosis, stimulates cell growth and
increases proliferation. Under normal conditions, PI3K/AKT activation is tightly controlled …

The high frequency of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway alterations in cancer has
led to a surge in the development of PI3K inhibitors. Many of these targeted therapies are …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that can post-
transcriptionally regulate the expression of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes …

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is easily accessible in peripheral blood and can be used as
biomarkers for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. The applications of cfDNA …

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical relevance of the dual-targeting strategy involving
PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Experimental Design: We investigated …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a kinase that functions as a master switch
between catabolic and anabolic metabolism and as such is a target for the design of …

Somatic mutations in the phosphatidylinositol/AKT/mTOR pathway cause segmental
overgrowth disorders. Diagnostic descriptors associated with PIK3CA mutations include …