Within a data center, 52% of the electricity is used by the IT equipment, 38% by the cooling
system, and 10% for the remaining equipment (electrical power distribution, UPS…). The …

With progress in technology and miniaturization of electronic devices, liquid coolants were
used increasingly in personal computers, laptops, servers, and supercomputers. Micro heat …

The growing demand for electricity and the increasing size of the carbon footprint of data
centers worldwide bring a severe challenge to sustainable development of human …

During the last years, many countries are experiencing rapid expansions in the number and
size of data centers to keep pace with their internet and cloud computing needs. High …

Data centers (DCs) uninterruptedly run 24/24 h, 365 days per year with much huge
operating scale, and have the characteristics of high operation safety requirement, high heat …

Understanding and accurately predicting complex three-dimensional (3D) temperature
distributions are critical in diverse domains, including climate science and industrial process …

The continuous growth in size, complexity and energy density of data centres due to the
increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has become a worldwide …

Data centres (DCs) and telecommunication base stations (TBSs) are energy intensive with∼
40% of the energy consumption for cooling. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on …

The growing number, size, complexity and energy density of data centers due to increasing
demand for storage, networking and computation bring a considerable energy challenge …

Thermal energy loss in the process industry is a significant issue due to the high
temperatures and multiple heat intensive processes involved. High-grade thermal energy is …