I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common clinical syndrome that produces significant
morbidity and costs to our health system. The study of CRS has progressed from an era …

Uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is the most
bothersome phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis; it is typically characterized by a type 2 …

Background To date, no study has evaluated the diversity of TH cell cytokine patterns of
patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among centers in different continents using …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a troublesome, chronic inflammatory disease that affects
over 10% of the adult population, causing decreased quality of life, lost productivity, and lost …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be classified into CRS with nasal polyps (CRS
w NP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRS s NP). CRS w NP displays more intense …

Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2
cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection …

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012 is the update of
similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007. The document …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects more than 10% of the population in the United States
and Europe. Recent findings point to a considerable variation of inflammatory subtypes in …

BACKGROUND: Approximately 85% of nasal polyps (NPs) in white subjects are
characterized by prominent eosinophilia. IL-5 is the key driver of eosinophilic differentiation …