Our understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms underpinning adaptation is still
poor. One example for which mechanistic understanding of regulation has converged with …

The rapid expansion of next‐generation sequencing has yielded a powerful array of tools to
address fundamental biological questions at a scale that was inconceivable just a few years …

Population bottlenecks, inbreeding, and artificial selection can all, in principle, influence
levels of deleterious genetic variation. However, the relative importance of each of these …

The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the amount of neutral polymorphisms
within a species will increase proportionally with the census population size (Nc). However …

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) has considerable importance in population genetics.
To date, estimates of the DFE come from studies using a small number of individuals. Thus …

The house mouse, Mus musculus, was established in the early 1900s as one of the first
genetic model organisms owing to its short generation time, comparatively large litters, ease …

Gene expression changes may underlie much of phenotypic evolution. The development of
high-throughput RNA sequencing protocols has opened the door to unprecedented large …

Population geneticists have long sought to understand the contribution of natural selection
to molecular evolution. A variety of approaches have been proposed that use population …

Tandemly repeated ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays are among the most evolutionary dynamic
loci of eukaryotic genomes. The loci code for essential cellular components, yet exhibit …

DNA sequencing has revealed high levels of variability within most species. Statistical
methods based on population genetics theory have been applied to the resulting data and …