This review summarises the role that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play in
demyelination, such as that occurring in the inflammatory demyelinating disorders multiple …

Microglial cells are believed to play an active role in brain inflammatory, immune and
degenerative processes. Depending on the magnitude of microglial reaction, on the type of …

Despite increasing evidence of major differences between rodent and human immune and
neurological function, relatively few biomedical studies are performed with human cells. This …

The neuropathological correlates of encephalopathy and autonomic dysfuction in septic
shock are unclear. We performed post mortem analysis of 5 brain areas susceptible to …

Subcutaneous (sc) injection of formalin induces a rapid and prolonged hyperalgesia across
widespread areas of the body. This hyperalgesic state involves a brain-to-spinal cord …

The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to be expressed in brain
ischemia; however, its cellular and temporal appearance is not fully settled. In this study …

Microglia participate in all phases of the multiple sclerosis (MS) disease process. As
members of the innate immune system, these cells have evolved to respond to …

In this review we summarize mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling in microglial cells and the
impact of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ levels on microglial function. So far, Ca2+ signaling has …

Microglial cells are brain macrophages which serve specific functions in the defense of the
central nervous system (CNS) against microorganisms, the removal of tissue debris in …

Microglia, glial cells with an immunocompetent role in the CNS, react to stimuli from the
surrounding environment with alterations of their phenotypic response. Amongst other …