Birds have many kinds of internal and external parasites, including viruses, bacteria and
fungi, as well as protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Because parasites have negative …

Migrations, ie the recurring, roundtrip movement of animals between distant and distinct
habitats, occur among diverse metazoan taxa. Although traditionally linked to avoidance of …

Abstract Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) is one of the most well-known herons in Egypt. It is
called the friend of the farmer because it benefits farmers and helps them get rid of insects …

Long-distance animal movements can increase exposure to diverse parasites, but can also
reduce infection risk through escape from contaminated habitats or culling of infected …

Produced amidst the still rippling effects of a pandemic and as the world experiences the
increasing burden of global warming and a rapidly changing biosphere, the second edition …

Identifying the factors sha** variation in parasite diversity among host species is crucial to
understand wildlife diseases. Although micro‐and macroparasites may exert different …

This article provides a brief historical perspective on the integration of physiology into the
concept of the pace of life of birds, evaluates the fit of immune function into this framework …

Migratory animals undergo seasonal and often spectacular movements and perform crucial
ecosystem services. In response to anthropogenic changes, including food subsidies, some …

Among parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus
ridibundus) in Poland, the best known are species of digenetic trematodes and cestodes …

Aim Positive relationships in compositional similarity between consumer and resource
assemblages are widely known in free‐living taxa, but less is known about parasites and …