Historical control data (HCD) consist of pooled control group responses from bioassays.
These data must be collected and are often used or reported in regulatory toxicology studies …

While there are some regulatory assessment criteria available on how to generally evaluate
dermal absorption (DA) studies for risk assessment purposes, practical guidance and …

Abstract Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) based on Historical Control Data (HCD) in
preclinical toxicity testing have the potential to reduce animal usage. As a case study we …

The benchmark dose (BMD) methodology is used to derive a hazard characterization
measure for risk assessment in toxicology or ecotoxicology. The present paper's objective is …

Metribuzin is a herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis and has been used for over 40 years.
Its main target organ is the liver and to some extent the kidney in rats, dogs, and rabbits …

Computational toxicology is a rapidly growing field that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) and
machine learning (ML) to predict the toxicity of chemical compounds. Computational …

Recently it was recommended to avoid significance tests, in particular dichotomization into
significant/non-significant on the basis of a p-value and a fixed 5% significance level (ie …

The p-value has long been criticized in various scientific disciplines. Some journals banned
its use and the American Statistical Association and a Nature article suggested to abandon …

Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Although there are many predictors of death for CAP, there are still …

For several authorities, benchmark dose (BMD) methodology has become the
recommended approach by which to derive reference values for risk assessment. However …