In recent years, biofuel or biogas have become the primary source of bio-energy, providing
an alternative to conventionally used energy that can meet the growing energy demand for …

Urbanization has driven the demand for fossil fuels, however, the overly exploited resource
has caused severe damage on environmental pollution. Biorefining using abundant …

Biogas is quickly becoming a viable renewable energy option since they produce less
pollution than traditional fuels and are cheaper than conventional fuels. However, research …

CO 2 is one of the major anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contributing to
global warming (Blamey et al., 2010; Mikkelsen et al., 2010). In the last half-century, the …

Increasing reliance on non-renewable fuels has shifted research attention to
environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources. The inherently recalcitrant nature …

Lignocellulose biomass during pretreatment releases various compounds, among them the
most important is reducing sugars, which can be utilized for the production of biofuels and …

Lignin, the largest renewable aromatic resource, is a promising alternative feedstock for the
sustainable production of various chemicals, fuels, and materials. Despite this potential …

This review article critically evaluates the significance of adopting advanced biofuel
production techniques that employ lignocellulosic materials, waste biomass, and cutting …

Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) has recently emerged as an area of high interest owing to
the rapid surge of AMR phenotypes. Metal oxide NPs (MeONPs) have been identified as …

As biomass is a crucial raw materials for the chemical industry, its conversion into various
chemicals and biofuels has been considered to be an effective way to solve the resource …