We present a synthetic review and expert consultation that assesses the actual risks posed
by arthropod pests in four major crops, identifies targets for integrated pest management …

Whiteflies are small hemipterans numbering more than 1,550 described species, of which
about 50 are agricultural pests. Adults are free-living, whereas late first to fourth instars are …

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grows in diverse agro-ecological zones. In Kenya, it is
widely cultivated in Western and Coastal regions. It is mainly grown for food and nutrition …

Arthropod parasitoids and predators are ubiquitous and operate continuously on all life
stages of the whitefly, functioning as control factors in the process. The goal of biological …

Background The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is cryptic species complex composed of numerous
species. Individual species from the complex harbor a diversity of bacterial endosymbionts …

The biology of Asecodes hispinarum Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larva parasitoid
imported from Vietnam as a classical biological control agent of coconut leaf beetle …

Autoparasitoids with the capacity of consuming primary parasitoids that share the same
hosts to produce males are analogous to intraguild predators. The use of autoparasitoids in …

The host instar preferences of Encarsia bimaculata and Eretmocerus sp. nr. furuhashii
parasitizing Bemisia tabaci and their development on four host plants, collard, eggplant …

Encarsia bimaculata (Heraty & Polaszek) is an abundant parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci in
southern China. The effects of constant temperatures on a range of life history traits …

Abstract Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a parasitoid utilized for biological
control of Bemisia tabaci, with selection of prey aided by chemoreceptor organs. The …