Rare earth elements (REE) are key enablers for the ongoing energy and environmental
transition as they are critical raw materials in many low-carbon technologies. In the past few …

Rare earth elements (REEs) including fifteen lanthanides, yttrium and scandium are found in
more than 250 minerals, worldwide. REEs are used in various high-tech applications across …

Society's hunger for commodities is leading to an increased consumption of minerals
considered critical or strategic. A range of minerals containing elements such as lithium (Li) …

Highlights•Rare earth elements are critical to modern life and society.•Very limited recycling
of these critical elements currently takes place.•Advances can be made in recycling of the …

Rare earths are used in the renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines, batteries,
catalysts and electric cars. Current mining, processing and sustainability aspects have been …

Rare earth elements (REE) are indispensable to infrastructure, technology, and modern
lifestyles, which has led to an increasing demand for these elements. The current global rare …

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical and strategic materials in the defense, energy,
electronics, and automotive industries. The reclamation of REEs from coal combustion fly …

The application of mineralogical characterization to mine waste has the potential to improve
risk assessment, guide appropriate mine planning for planned and active mines and …

The critical minerals and elements are natural substances that are essential to modern life
but have insecure supply. This lack of a secure supply clashes with the increasing …

The development of rare earth element (REE) production in Canada could generate
significant economic benefits but also poses serious potential risks to the environment. Rare …