This paper presents a literature review about energy-efficient retrofit of electric lighting and
daylighting systems in buildings. The review, which covers around 160 research articles …

Flicker has been an important lighting system consideration for over a century. More precise
terms are temporal light modulation (TLM) as the stimulus, and responses to TLM as the …

Visual discomfort occurs when the statistics of the retinal image depart from those of natural
scenes, particularly in respect of an excess energy at spatial frequencies close to 3 …

This paper presents an ac-dc LED driver that consists of two-parallel inverted buck
converters. To buffer the twice-line-frequency energy, one inverted buck converter (also …

Solid-state light sources can be more prone to larger temporal light modulation (TLM) than
conventional sources. TLM visibility depends on wave shape, frequency, modulation depth …

Objective Individuals with migraine exhibit heightened sensitivity to visual input that
continues beyond their migraine episodes. However, the contribution of color to visual …

Flickering lights can be uncomfortable to look at and can induce seizures in observers with
photosensitive epilepsy. However, the temporal characteristics contributing to these effects …

This paper discusses an alternative approach to designing LED drivers based on high-
voltage operation. Compared with the conventional approach of driving LEDs with low …

BACKGROUND: The visual conditions for computer work are complex and include several
factors that need to be well controlled. These factors include the lighting system, the design …

Spatial images with unnatural amplitude spectra tend to appear uncomfortable. Analogous
effects are found in the temporal domain, yet discomfort in flickering patterns is also strongly …